Assessing Quality of Care in Kinship and Foster Family Care by Jill Assignment

Evaluating Quality of Care in Kinship and Foster Family Care by Jill Duerr Berrick (2010) - Assignment Example Connection care has increased expanding consideration from specialists, policymakers and analysts. The consideration has been dazzled by the enormous quantities of kids being served in child care by kinfolk and the shortage of data accessible about the quickly developing game plan for care† (Berrick, 1997, p.273). As per Mokgosi (1997, p.7), â€Å"placement with more distant family or connection is getting broadly utilized as an elective position. Numerous kid government assistance specialists accept that kids will be better off if their consideration is given by relatives inside the network of starting point as opposed to by strangers.† For, detachment from inaccessible relatives may prompt the child’s disturbance, if unattended. Then again, Berrick claims, â€Å"on various measures identifying with the home condition, non-kinfolk homes were evaluated as more safe† (1997, p.273). The creator depicts kinfolk guardians as â€Å"older than non-permanent fami ly guardians and a gathering vigorously spoke to by single ladies of shading who are battling themselves with constrained incomes† (Berrick, 1997, p.273). While non-permanent family suppliers for the most part get ready for their new job as guardians, connection temporary parents all the more frequently fall into more established parenthood because of a squeezing family crisis. Patterns in this information point to the requirement for additional exploration in the field, that is, â€Å"the requirement for changes in approach and practice that may fortify the family and non-kinfolk assets at present accessible to subordinate kids are likewise suggested† (Berrick, 1997, p.279). In spite of the fact that the examination done by Berrick was intended to survey the quality in family and non-kinfolk homes, center thus will be given around its quantitative angle, in other words, as far as the exact examples found in the information gathered, to clarify the exploration marvels w ith respect to its numerical information. The essential technique utilized was review look into, which included meetings. The area staff drew an arbitrary example of 123 family relationship and 97 non-kinfolk homes from their child care databases. In this, a straightforward arbitrary inspecting technique for investigation was actualized. â€Å"Sampling is a specialized bookkeeping gadget to support the assortment of data, to pick in a proper way the confined arrangement of items, people, occasions from which the genuine data will be drawn† (Bless and Higson-Smith, 1995, p.85). In this investigation, the example was confined to those homes that remembered a kid for care between 5 to 12 years old. A letter portraying the extension and motivation behind the examination was sent on all family and non-kinfolk suppliers. Suppliers were offered a $20.00 payment for their interest. Notwithstanding, just fourteen family (11%) and 11 non-kinfolk (11%) suppliers reacted to the request.à ¢

Unleashing the Vortex of Marketing

Fundamentally, advertising rotates around the vortex of monetary profit blended in with the ceaseless labyrinth of open connection aptitudes and anticipating methods.â In first sight, it might sound simple to have an item sold on the marketâ€but on main problems and premise on declarations from the individuals who are under the pattern of promoting and business, the test arrives in a full turn of capacities and finesse.â Perceivably, a person who doesn't have the expertise to convince and make an element of scholarly association over the purchasers, at that point it might be assessed as a business or a maker with void pockets and shallow hands. The universe of trade is immense and dubious; one who doesn't get a pass to the â€Å"clear† vision on that field will in the end up on the meal with tough garments, per se.â In further outline, advertising resembles a â€Å"battle of tycoons† the objectives are on the centerâ€the consumersâ€and the likelihood of having that â€Å"target† jump on one’s sleeve is to exceed the various players of the realmâ€consequently a hard errand since there are the individuals who might be as capable as you are or rather one’s item is profoundly engaged by the customer in some occasion. Besides, the possibility that each client is in various markets at various occasions and better places isn't as sinful as it at first would sound. For example, paper distributers have since quite a while ago perceived that the greater part of their clients have more recreation time on Sundays to peruse the paper and appropriately have filled that release with a more noteworthy number and more extensive assortment of stories. Additionally, carriers, inns, and vehicle rental organizations find that the wants of their customers vary significantly relying upon whether they are going for business or for leisureâ€and contrast once more when they join the two. One official at a significant carrier commented, â€Å"We've even discovered that the necessities of business voyagers vary contingent upon whether they are going to or originating from a meeting.† In the clothing business, a given client could be in the market for easygoing wear at once and for business clothing at another (Vitale, 1998). Reference Vitale, J. G. (1998). There's a Customer Born Every Minute: P.T. Barnum's Secrets to Business Success. New York: AMACOM Books.  Â

Is ADD the Same Thing as ADHD

Is ADD the Same Thing as ADHD ADHD Print Are ADD and ADHD the Same Condition? The History Behind the Name Changes By Keath Low Keath Low, MA, is a therapist and clinical scientist with the Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities at the University of North Carolina. She specializes in treatment of ADD/ADHD. Learn about our editorial policy Keath Low Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on June 08, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 10, 2020 ADHD Overview Symptoms Causes Diagnosis Treatment Living With In Children Nick David/Getty Images You may have heard the terms ADD and ADHD used interchangeably. Attention-deficit disorder (ADD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are indeed the same condition, its just that ADHD has had several name changes in the last three decades.?? This is because as more research is carried out, understanding grows and the name has been changed to reflect that knowledge. ADHD is now the official name of the disorder. However, many people still use the term ADD, which was the formal name from 1980 to 1987. Some people get angry or frustrated when they hear that ADD and ADHD are the same. They feel that the H, which stands for hyperactivity, doesn’t accurately describe them or their child. Understanding the evolution of the changes in the name can help. A Brief Timeline of the Changing Name of  ADHD The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) is published by the American Psychiatric Association. Its the standard guideline that doctors, mental health professionals,  and clinicians use when theyre assessing and diagnosing ADHD and other mental health issues. Each new update and revision of the DSM is eagerly anticipated, as it can mean a big or small change in what each condition is called, and in the criteria for diagnosing them, including ADHD.   1980 The third edition of the DSM (DSM-III) was released and the official name for the condition became attention-deficit disorder (ADD). At this time, hyperactivity was not considered to be a frequent symptom. Two subtypes of ADD were identified: ADD with hyperactivityADD without hyperactivity 1987 A revised version of the DSM-III was released. The official name became attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This meant that hyperactivity was considered to be an important feature of ADHD. 1994   The DSM-IV was published, with a slight grammar change in the name. The official name was now attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The slash between attention-deficit and hyperactivity disorder indicated something meaningful. You could have either or both subtypes. You didn’t need to be hyperactive to be diagnosed with ADHD. The three subtypes were called: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, combined type  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive typeAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type                 2013 The fifth edition of the DSM was released (DSM-5). The three subtypes of ADHD remain the same, but now theyre called presentations instead of subtypes. They include:   Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, combined presentation  Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive presentation      Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, predominantly hyperactive-impulsive presentation.                         DSM-5 takes into account how symptoms present in both children and adults. This is good news, as it was felt that adult ADHD was being overlooked in the previous DSMs. How Mental Health Professionals Use the DSM Today Using the Term ADD You can still use the term ADD and people will almost certainly understand you. Many doctors, clinicians, and writers use ADD to mean inattentiveness and use ADHD to describe someone with hyperactivity. Some people use ADD and ADHD interchangeably. However, if you can make the mental switch from ADD to ADHD, it will help avoid potential confusion and keep you up-to-date with the most current terms. Basic Things You Should Know About ADHD The Hyperactivity Component Many people with inattentive ADHD feel that using hyperactivity in the name of the condition they have misrepresents their struggles. Often when laypeople hear ADHD, they automatically think hyperactivity and they don’t understand the subtleties of the different presentations. Of course, you don’t have to share your diagnosis with anyone, but if you choose to, you can elaborate a little and explain that its inattentive ADHD, which helps clarification straight away. Many adults with hyperactive-impulsive ADHD don’t feel that the H accurately describes them either. When we think of hyperactivity, a child who is very physically active and unable to sit still in class comes to mind. As an adult, hyperactivity might show itself in less obvious ways. For example, you may have workaholic tendencies, talk a lot, fidget constantly, or drive very fast. It also might be that you are not as hyperactive as you once were. The fifth edition of the DSM recognizes that a person’s ADHD presentation may change  during his or her lifetime. Hyperactivity in Adults With ADHD vs. Children

Different Kinds of Skills in Foreign Service Free Essay Example, 1250 words

Communication skills are critical to successful diplomacy. Communication abilities are important to successful relations. Therefore, in an attempt to improve employee self-confidence, engagement, and efficiency considerably, I used my communication skills to design a charter, set up a working group, and implementing a quarterly newsletter for the Office of the Chief Security Officer (OCSO). I put the inceptive OCSO Newsletter Working Group (WG) into service. As the Editor-in-Chief, I counseled WG affiliates regarding roles and tasks, publicized different newsletter templates, and suggested topics the group could use while developing each issue. Furthermore, I published Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), to give oversight and recognize roles, tasks, and technical guidance regarding principles and duties for employees who belong to the newsletter team. In addition, I organized and promoted an OCSO baseball social event that effectively brought 47 workers, friends, and family m embers together, resulting in promoting a work-life balance. My communication abilities have assisted in improving correspondence and situational awareness amongst workers reinforced the workforce spirit through the acknowledgment of organizational and entity achievements, as well as instituted continuity. Foreign Service Officers are often required to manage projects, demonstrating the ability to plan and organize, set priorities, employ a systematic approach, and allocate time and resources efficiently. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Kinds of Skills in Foreign Service or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page I focused on a number of assignments including the Program of Requirements of OCSO, Space Planning conferences, and Project Parameters Matrix.

Valentino Case Study Essay - 4601 Words

VALENTINOS PERSONAL INTRODUCTIONS AGENCY 1. VALENTINOS MISSION STATEMENT, THREE BUSINESS BENEFITS, SWOT ANALYSIS AND PESTLE ANALYSIS A. VALENTINOS The Valentinos Personal Introductions Agency is a well-established company that has been operating within the UK market since 1976 and with over 8 million single men and women in the UK between the ages of 18 and 64, and often living without the opportunity to meet potential partners, the company has been very successful. However the management of the organization have expressed a growing concern that is being felt regarding the 10 year old computer systems that are currently being relied upon and the negative affect that such outdated systems are having on the companies’ competitive†¦show more content†¦C. VALENTINO’S CURRENT POSITION (SWOT ANALYSIS) The SWOT analysis below highlights a number of salient factors that must be considered in evaluating the companies’ strategic position with regards to any possible threats or opportunities that may arise and it’s ability to take advantage or overcome these factors. Strengths 1. The Valentinos company and brand has been long established, and has exhibited consistent reputable integrity in it’s operations which is a highly salient factor in the decision making processes of potential consumers 2. There long established presence in the market also means that they have strong links with various suppliers such as with advertisements on public transport or in newspapers 3. The company also inhabit the market position of the price leader which makes them well positioned to take advantage of the growing number of price savvy and/or price conscious UK consumers (Telegraph, 2010) and trends within the UK population whereby more people are spending more time at home and are unable to find the time to go out and socialize (Euromonity, 2010a) 4. Valentinos unique combination of high technology and personal touch through the direct contact phone support services, has been critical in making the Valentinos Personal Introductions Agency a global industry leader 5. Valentinos also holds the largestShow MoreRelatedValentino Case Study1237 Words   |  5 Pagesyour hobby/project to briefly describe the ways in which the computer would be used (you are not to use more than 600 words for this). You should for example discuss the types of programs/packages that will be used. The computer will be used for study reasons and also to watch films, due to having a budget to maintain I felt it would have been expensive to put together a computer for multimedia and gaming purposes. Therefore I will be working closely with the budget and inspecting every componentRead MoreSwot Analysis on Dating Organisations Essay1665 Words   |  7 PagesAppendix Valentinos’ Case Study The following information was gained from an interview with Rudolfo, MD of Valentinos, a highly successful â€Å"Personal Introductions Agency†. Although they have been very successful and have made major investment in the Internet they are becoming increasingly worried about their market share and continuing profitability. They have asked you to advise them on their strategy and how they might further exploit technology. Their current technology was at the cutting edgeRead MoreHuman Papillomavirus ( Hpv )1286 Words   |  6 Pagesis a sexually transmitted infection with fourteen million new cases per year (Valentino Poronsky, 2016). These astronomical numbers make HPV â€Å"the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection in the United States† (Valentino Poronsky, 2016). HPV infections have been associated with causing multiple cancers. In 2006, the first vaccine against HPV emerged, Gardisil. In 2009 a second vaccine was approved by the FDA, Cervavix (Valentino P oronsky, 2016). Despite the development of the HPV vaccineRead MoreChange And Culture Case Study1570 Words   |  7 PagesChange and Culture Case Study By Fallon9586 | Studymode.com Change and Culture Case Study I Middle managers occupy a significant section of the organizational hierarchy. All managing roles work together to best meet healthcare demand and organizational goals. Middle managers bridge the gap between the professional staff and clinicians and senior management. During a merger the job of middle managers is important in transitions the two organizations into one. Middle managers make sure that the staffRead MoreEssay about Requirements Engineering and Management4041 Words   |  17 PagesKingston University London Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing MSc in IT amp; Strategic Innovation with Management Studies COURSEWORK MODULE Requirements Engineering and Management Valentinos Case Study MODULE LEADER DR J. Chattratichart Submission deadline 10am on 16 November 2012 Read MoreThe Challenges and Benefits of Using New Technology: User Protection and Privacy Concerns1531 Words   |  6 Pagesthe Internet as their primary form of communication. In the last few years, mobile phone technology has evolved to the point that this is becoming a preferred device for going online. (Pelau, 2010, pp. 101 116) Evidence of this can be seen in a study that was conducted by the Business Communications Review. They determined that mobile phone technology is becoming increasingly common within American households. As 50% of respondents said that they have at least one cellular phone for their householdRead MoreCompetency And Stand Trial Is Coming Into Question1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe competency to stand trial is coming into question in the case against Deasia Watkins. The CBS news article illustrated a 20-year-old mother who has allegedly decapitated her infant daughter. The police arrived to find Watkins’ 3-month-old child decapitated on the kitchen counter in the home of the child’s aunt that was temporarily caring for the child. Watkins appeared to be suffering from mental issues when she was found in bed covered in her child’s blood. Watkins has to be sent for treatmentRead MoreThe United States Of America1448 Words   |  6 Pagesunauthorized immigration is the attitude that some American citizens have through this problem, in some cases there is a favorable _________ toward the young people. Initiatives to help unauthorized youth that arrived to the country as children and â€Å"cumplen† certain â€Å"requisites†, so they can study or be part of the army without being deported (Hilfinger, Morris and Boyle, 2014). In other cases the is some contradiction on the economic impact, since some author consider that the immigrants reduceRead MoreAmerican Culture And Its Impact On American Society1599 Words   |  7 Pagesagain, they wanted to make a labor agreement with the Mexican government. The Bracero Program (1942-1964) evolved shortly after, which is also mentioned in another article called The Reshaping of Latino/Chicano Ethnicity of Undocumented Immigrants: The Case of LULAC’s Ethno-politics by Katsuyuki Murata. It states that this labor program allowed Mexicans to migrate to the United States as â€Å"temporary workers†. Mexicans were needed as cheap labor supply. By 1949, there were about 113,000 contracted MexicanRead MoreThe Effect of Child Abuse on The Emotional Development of the Infant1229 Words   |  5 Pagesor sexual maltreatment of a minor. Neglecting a child is another type of abuse, and includes malnutrition, abandonment, and/or inadequate care of a child’s safety. Additionally, any neglectful act can lead to physical or emotional harm and in some cases death of a child. Unfortunately, young children are the most vulnerable population to child abuse. Statistics indicate that victims in their first year of life had the highest rate of victimization at 21.9 per 1,000 children of the same age in the

Deviant Behavior Free Essays

A cross-cultural perspective on deviant behavior would show that there are certain actions which are deemed acceptable in one society but is considered as a deviant behavior in others. For example, in societies where the primary religion is Hindu, they prohibit people to kill or slaughter the cows, or more specifically the zebu (Schaefer, 2008). The cows are even allowed to feed on fruits in the market while other people have to feed on the small quantity of food left (Schaefer, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Deviant Behavior or any similar topic only for you Order Now Religious factors serve as the primary reason why the cows are treated in such a manner. From a functionalist perspective, the worship of cows is considered as an important part of the Hindu society and the purpose it serves the people when it comes to producing milk and agricultural purposes is very important to them (Schaefer, 2008). Other religions in other parts of the world do not have as high regard for the cows as the Hindus do that leads to a difference in the treatment of cows for the other societies. Likewise, the value of cows as food for the other countries plays a vital role on whether it is to be eaten or not. The perception of people with regard to the severity of the crime committed would have to depend on the reputation of the person and the nature of the crime done. There are certain stereotypes that every society holds vis-a-vis the role that the offender holds in a particular community. For example, a highly-respected person is suspected for the killing of a common person in the community. This would either create disbelief or condemnation of the person where people may either defend the person in belief that he/she could not do it or would express their utter disgrace for what he has done. On the other hand, on the other hand, if the killers were of less influence in the society, this would not be given particular attention especially by the media. However, as what happened in the novel â€Å"In cold blood† by Truman Capote, the status of those who were killed also affect the perception of people of the crime. References Schaefer, R. (2008). Sociology. (7th Ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. How to cite Deviant Behavior, Papers

Karl Marx Essay Essays - Marxist Theory, Marxism, Marxian Economics

Karl Marx Essay Through out history money, wealth and capital have dictated a way of life to the masses. Wealth dictated the lives that the rich lived and the lives of the poor that worked for and surrounded them. In some cultures your class could never be escaped in life, you had to wait for your next incarnation, while in other cultures the idea of wealth transcended a life and allowed for growth from one class to another. This is the reality of a capitalist society that was first discussed by Karl Marx in the 19th century. When Karl Marx first penned his shaping works on communism, he assumed that the relationship between workers and capital would always be opposing. While most rejected his overall theories, they did not argue with the basic idea that the interests of workers would always be at odds with those of owners. This is one of Marx's only theories that has proven to be true. As a consequence, over the years, that thought has guided the marketplace in terms of deciding wages, working conditions and other worker centered benefits. The bourgeoisie (rich/owners class), by rapid improvement of production instruments and by powerful means of communication, drew all, even the most underdeveloped nations, into civilization through production. Their fast development and ability in many cases to exploit the worker allowed them to get a foothold in the market. So capitalism evolved into globalization. This is the major reason why all other systems, communism included, found themselves chasing the idea of wealth through production. According to Marx, the 'capitalist mode of production' is a product of the 'industrial revolution' and the division of labor coming from it. By virtue of this division, Marx's capitalist reality is more and more splitting into two great factions directly facing each other off; these classes are; the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The processes in which the two classes were formed and the setting in which they presently exist have molded their thinking and the products of their thinking. In other words, the 'human nature' of the members of both classes is largely shaped by their positions within the two groups. Given the conformist nature of the human person, considerable light may be thrown upon the major features of Marx's reality by means of an investigation of the types of 'human nature' that he assigned in this economic theory. In Marx's capitalist reality, division of labor is a necessary condition for commodity production. This division attacks the individual/worker class at the very root of their life so that they are converted into 'a crippled being'. By the process in which they are crippled they experiences acute alienation, which defines them forever. The alienation according to Marx has several dimensions. In the first, the worker is estranged not only from the act of production, but also from the products of his labor. Next, because the workers activities belong to another, namely the capitalist, the worker translates this separation as a loss of his self. Which abstractly means that he is estranging himself from himself through the act of production. In the last form, the alienation takes the form of estrangement of one man to another man. Partly because the division of labor creates a hierarchical structure among the workers themselves and partly for the previous reason that the workers are the p roperty of the capitalist and are seen as human capital. Nevertheless the non-worker, the capitalist, is also caught in his own web of alienation. But there is a difference between the two and how they interact. By virtue of the property relationship of the worker to non-worker. The non-worker in theory does everything against the worker, which the worker does against himself; but he the non-worker does not do against himself what the worker does to himself. So, whereas the worker's activity is a torment to himself, the capitalists' activity is his means of support and success. Division of labor and the human nature that it has molded in all its alienated and crippling forms are, therefore, fundamental and integral parts of the paradox of facts that Marx implanted in his reality regarding capitalism. But when Marx wrote this he did not realize or account for

Mosquitoes Through History

Mosquitoes Through History No man or beast has caused more human deaths than the dreaded mosquito. Scientists estimate that malaria alone has killed about one half of all the humans who have ever lived on Earth. With the diseases these vectors transmit including dengue, encephalitis and yellow fever, the mosquito is responsible for millions of deaths every year. It is no surprise that the World Health Organization declared these pests as "public health enemy number one." Because of the lethal potential the mosquito possesses, its influence in the course of history cannot be ignored. From the time of the early civilizations to the time of the two world wars, and until now when medical technology is improving in leaps and bounds, the mosquito remains a formidable enemy, becoming even deadlier in time.However, its integration in our history is not limited to its effects to human society; human history itself is at the root of mosquito's lethality.Plasmodium sporozoite traverses the cytoplasm of a...Scientists the orize that prior to the development of human villages, mosquitoes were much less of a threat to humans than in later periods. Aside from the relatively small number that interact with humans before contact with more concentrated settlements, the disease parasites they carried were less potent, and early humans had greater resistance to these parasites. However, at around the same time humans adopted a more settled way of life, conditions were ripe for a mosquito population boom. In time, the diseases they carried evolved, at a more rapid rate than our resistance to them. Because mosquitoes were biologically more resilient than humans, and because their great numbers favored natural selection, the mosquitoes have eluded our attempts to lessen their population or develop a definitive cure for their diseases. As humans improved insecticides, mosquitoes enhanced their resistance; as new medications for diseases were developed, the viruses...

Significant Inventors of the Industrial Revolution

Significant Inventors of the Industrial Revolution The inventions and innovations of the Industrial Revolution transformed the U.S. and Great Britain in the 18th and 19th centuries. Tremendous gains in science and technology helped Britain become the worlds dominant economic and political power, while in the U.S. it fueled a young nations westward expansion and built vast fortunes.   A Revolution Twice Over British innovations harnessed the power of water, steam, and coal, helping the U.K. dominate the global textile market of the mid-1770s. Other advancements made in chemistry, manufacturing, and transportation allowed the nation to expand and fund its empire around the globe. The American Industrial Revolution began after the Civil War as the U.S. rebuilt its infrastructure. New forms of transportation such as the steamboat  and the railroad helped the nation expand trade. Meanwhile, innovations such as the modern assembly line and electric light bulb revolutionized both business  and personal life. Transportation Water had long been used to power simple machines such as grain mills and textile spinners, but Scottish inventor James Watts refinements to the steam engine in 1775 launched the revolution in earnest. Up until that point, such engines were crude, inefficient, and unreliable. Watts first engines were used primarily to pump water and air into and out of mines. With the development of more powerful, efficient engines which would operate under higher pressure and increased output, came newer, better forms of transportation.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Robert Fulton  was an engineer  and  inventor who had become fascinated with Watts engine while living in France at the turn of the 19th century. After several years of experimenting in Paris, he returned to the U.S. and launched the Clermont in 1807 on the Hudson River in New York. It was the first commercially viable steamboat line in the nation.  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹ As the nations rivers began opening to navigation, commerce expanded along with the population. Another new form of transportation, the railroad, also relied on steam power to drive the locomotives. First in Britain and then in the U.S., rail lines began appearing in the 1820s. By 1869, the first transcontinental rail line linked the coasts. If the 19th century belonged to steam, the 20th century belonged to the internal combustion engine. American inventor George Brayton, working on earlier innovations, developed the first liquid-fueled internal combustion engine in 1872. During the next two decades, German engineers including Karl Benz and Rudolf Diesel would make further innovations. By the time Henry Ford unveiled his Model T car in 1908, the internal combustion engine was poised to transform not just the nations transportation system but also spur 20th-century industries like petroleum and aviation. Communication As the populations of both the U.K. and the U.S. expanded in the 1800s and Americas boundaries pushed westward, new forms of communication that could cover great distances were invented to keep pace with this growth. One of the first significant inventions was the telegraph, perfected by Samuel Morse. He developed a series of dots and dashes that could be transmitted electrically in 1836; they came to be known as Morse Code, though it wouldnt be until 1844 that the first telegraph service opened, between Baltimore and Washington, D.C. As the rail system expanded in the U.S., the telegraph followed along, literally. Rail depots doubled as telegraph stations, bringing news to the far-flung frontier. Telegraph signals began flowing between the U.S. and the U.K. in 1866 with Cyrus Fields first permanent transatlantic telegraph line. The following decade, Scottish inventor Alexander Graham Bell, working in the U.S. with Thomas Watson, patented the telephone in 1876.   Thomas Edison, who made a number of discoveries and innovations during the 1800s, contributed to the communications revolution by inventing the phonograph in 1876. The device used paper cylinders coated with wax to record sound. Records were first made of metal and later shellac. In Italy, Enrico Marconi made his first successful radio wave transmission in 1895, paving the way for the  radio to be invented in the next century. Industry In 1794, the American industrialist Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. This device mechanized the process of removing seeds from cotton, something that had previously been done largely by hand. But what made Whitneys invention particularly special was its use of interchangeable parts. If one part broke, it could be easily replaced by another inexpensive, mass-produced copy. This made processing cotton cheaper, in turn creating new markets and wealth. Although he did not invent the sewing machine, Elias Howes refinements and patent in 1844 perfected the device. Working with Isaac Singer, Howe marketed the device to manufacturers and later consumers. The machine allowed for the mass production of clothing, expanding the nations textile industry. It also made housework easier and allowed the growing middle class to indulge in hobbies like fashion. But factory work- and home life- still were dependent upon sunlight and lamplight. It wasnt until electricity began being harnessed for commercial purposes that industry truly was revolutionized. Thomas Edisons invention of the electric light bulb in 1879 became the means by which large factories could be illuminated, extending shifts and increasing manufacturing output. It also spurred the creation of the nations electrical grid, into which the many inventions of the 20th century from TVs to PCs would eventually plug. Person Invention Date James Watt First reliable steam engine 1775 Eli Whitney Cotton ginInterchangeable parts for muskets 17931798 Robert Fulton Regular steamboat service on the Hudson River 1807 Samuel F.B. Morse Telegraph 1836 Elias Howe Sewing machine 1844 Isaac Singer Improves and markets Howe's sewing machine 1851 Cyrus Field Transatlantic cable 1866 Alexander Graham Bell Telephone 1876 Thomas Edison PhonographIncandescent light bulb 18771879 Nikola Tesla Induction electric motor 1888 Rudolf Diesel Diesel engine 1892 Orville and Wilbur Wright First airplane 1903 Henry Ford Model T FordLarge-scale moving assembly line 19081913

Critical Review of Contemporary NPD Issues Essay

Critical Review of Contemporary NPD Issues - Essay Example Both the research findings acknowledge that the scale of a company’s operations is irrelevant to the chances of favorable outcomes related to the application of innovation, as Laforet (2011) suggests that the innovative capabilities of small and medium enterprises are comparable to that of large organizations. Another finding asserts that ideation has paradoxical managerial impacts by presenting both negative and positive consequences of the said process in organizations. The scale of the company however, does impact the choices it makes related to innovation, for example, why would a business wish to expand its ideation and innovation capabilities in the first place? Certainly as represented by the findings of the articles which are assessed, it can be noted that large organizations in comparison with small and medium enterprises realize the need to create a strategic fit between their resource capacities and assets as a comprehension of their ideation capabilities is directl y related to the distribution of resources which ultimately allows the formulation of an idea into an innovation. On the other hand, the objectives of a small or medium sized business in engaging in new product development maybe entirely associated with its objective of seeking success or to achieve short-term gain. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to critically analyze the competing ideologies of how New Product Development and Innovation should take place and how it actually takes place, which is either by entirely basing the framework of innovation at an organization upon the components of the ideation process or by engaging in an innovative practice by implementing system wide innovation procedures. Furthermore, the paper will also discuss the managerial implications of the articles’ findings by determining the variables and factors that are dependent upon the success of measures such as NPD, process improvement and ideation potential. Factors affecting innovation: Acc ording to Bjork et al. (2010) the foundation of innovation is idea generation or ideation which is dependent upon the level of creativity and inventiveness of the employees and groups within an organization. Once this principle is recognized by the management, it should try to develop channels through which employees can successfully voice their ideas, such channels can range from technology centered pathways or the utilization of teams that should range across functional departments of an organization. Cooper (2008) favors computer-based ideation techniques such as webpages which can allow external parties to supply ideas related to new products, such facilities are readily used by organizations such as Procter and Gamble which are at the forefront of an ideation revolution. Procter and Gamble’s Connect and Develop ideation model is an example of an open system that invites and welcomes idea stimulation from a range of contributors. Laforet (2011) presents a more traditional and conventional view of the factors that may influence innovation, this

The Skeletal System Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Skeletal System - Assignment Example The appendicular skeleton, on the other hand, as the name implies, consists of the appendages, which include the upper limbs and the lower limbs. The upper limbs include the humerus, the radius and ulna, and the carpals and metacarpals. The lower limbs include the femur, the tibia, the fibula, the tarsals, and the metatarsals. Other components of the appendicular skeleton include the shoulder girdles, consisting of the scapulae and the collar bones, or clavicles, and the pelvic girdle, made up of the coxal or hip bones, which include the ilium, ischium and pubis. The appendicular skeleton functions for helping the various joints of the body perform better and make the body run in a smoother fashion. The appendicular skeleton too functions for movement, locomotion and the performance of any tasks done by the arms, hands, legs and feet (â€Å"Axial and Appendicular Skeleton†). Detailed Functions of the Skeleton The functions of the skeleton include providing support for soft tissues, production of red blood cells, storage of minerals and lipids, and coordination of the muscular system to effect movement and support for the body, in order to carry out the will of the individual concerning any activity that requires physical movements (â€Å"The Skeletal System† 2013). As for support and physical movement, the structure of the bone in the form of a tubular shape with a hard and dense circumference and a hollow center is the one that efficiently and effectively affords maximum support for the body. ... As for support and physical movement, the structure of the bone in the form of a tubular shape with a hard and dense circumference and a hollow center is the one that efficiently and effectively affords maximum support for the body. Moreover, in terms of the protective support that it gives the soft organs, the skull protects the brain; the rib cage and sternum protect the lungs and the heart; and the pelvis and the pelvic girdle provide protection for the reproductive system. In terms of movement, the bones provide anchorage for the muscles. The origin is where the muscle is fixed to a bone, and the insertion is the moving point of attachment. Finally, still in terms of the movement function, bones meet other bones at joints in order to allow varying degrees of movement (â€Å"The Skeletal System – Introduction† 2013). Another function of the skeletal system, particularly the bone marrow, is to carry out hematopoiesis, or the process by which a single type of stem cell gives rise to all types of mature red blood cells in the body. In the adult human being, this is carried out by the bone marrows of the skull, and those of the ribs, sternum, vertebra, pelvis, and the proximal ends of the thigh bones or femurs (Ownby 2002). In terms of the storage of minerals and lipids, the bone is where several metabolically active minerals are stored, especially calcium, which is the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium is essential in regulating the intracellular activities of muscle cells and neurons. Moreover, lipids are stored in the yellow marrow of the bone. These lipids are essential in the regulation of body heat, for providing heat, and as a structural component of cell membranes (â€Å"Osseous Tissue and Bone Structure† 2013). 1.3 Structure of Bone Tissue

Chapter Summary of I Have Lived a Thousand Years, Growing Up in the Holocaust by Livia Bitton-Jackson :: essays research papers

Foreword: Elli Friedmann has returned 50 years later for a ceremony to the spot where she was once liberated by the American army. Living during the Holocaust, she has chosen to give us her story. Chapter 1-The City of My Dreams- Somorja, summer, 1943-March, 1944 Elli talks about daily life in her neighborhood. Her mother does not show any compassion for her. When Elli complains of this, her mother brings up excuses that are unconvincing. Elli believes her mother does not care for her and that her brother is the favorite. Hilter’s reoccurring radio broadcast give nightmares to Elli, whos family is Jewish. The nights when the Hungarian military police would come and stir trouble did not provide anymore comfort for Elli. One night, her brother, Bubi, comes home with news that Germany invaded Budapest, the town where he goes to school. But the next morning, there is no news in the headlines. The father sends him back to school. He learns the next day that a neighbor’s son who goes to school with Bubi has said the same. The day after, the newspapers scream the news of the invasion. Bubi arrives home, and the terror begins. Chapter 2- Hey, Jew Girl, Jew Girl - Somorja, March 25, 1944 Elli’s school has just closed. As she is leaving, a group of boys seem to be having a childish Nazi rally. She runs home and sobs for her normal life back. Chapter 3- The Tale of the Yellow Bicycle- Somorja, March 27, 1944 The â€Å"liquidation† process of the Jews in Elli’s town has begun. Everyone’s prized possessions must be brought to city hall, where they will also be registered. Elli has just gotten a new bike and does not want to give it up. After they come home, her father shows her and the rest of the family a spot where he has buried their most prized possessions. He tells her that he does not know who will survive. He then asks her if she will remember the spot. She yells that she does not want to be the only one to survive, and she does not want to remember. Chapter 4- The Tale of the Yellow Sun- Somorja, March 28, 1944 Every Jew must wear a yellow star and have a painted yellow star on their house. Elli does not leave the house for a week, and cannot believe the horrible things that have begun to surround her. There is an announcement that everyone will be receiving their school report cards and diplomas.

Advanced technology social interactions among young adults

Over the recent years, there has been an advance in technology that has greatly changed the way people interact socially and the way they work. Technological advancement in the communication sector especially has given rise to faster and improved modes of communication.One such mode of communication is the internet or world wide web (www). The Internet is a mode of communication that interconnects different independent networks to turn the world into one big village.This has been made possible through the invention of a new type of computers that have improved speed, high data storage capacity   and are small in size as compared to the older generation computers. They are also user friendly (Daniel J. Myers (2000).Thesis statement The Internet operates through communication software that enable the users to get access to the Internet. These are programs such as Mozillafirefox, Miocrosoft |Internet Explorer, Netscapes Navigator to name but a few. We also have programs that enable th e user to access information about any subject that he/she wishes to explore.Such programs are known as search engines and good examples are www.Google.com and www.yahoo.com. Such programs provide email and internet services. To add the list are Instant Messaging or chatting, blogging, Social Networking Sites and computer games among others.Telephone lines are used to interconnect different computers to enableflow of data or information. Through the   internet, communication has become faster and more reliable and a short text message (sms) is as reliable as a telephone call (Blaise W. Liffick, Ph.D.)Telecommunication sector has also benefited from the introduction of a convenient and fast mode of communication, the mobile phone. As the name suggests, this phone is portable and it ensures one of communication wherever you go as long as the area is covered by a network.Advanced technology has interconnected the computer, mobile phone and radio communication in such a way that a use r is able to listen to the radio online or through their mobile phone.The people who have embraced this kind of change in technology are the youth and this has greatly affected the way the that they interact within society. Improved computer literacy has favored the young people in that majority of them are computer literate and can understand the computer language.The youth for example are the dominant group that will be found at social networking sites. To understand better how advanced technology has affected the life of the young adult generation, we need to explore a bit into the different methods of communication.The mobile phone is the most easily accessible gadget used in modern day communication.   Millions of people worldwide especially the young adults have embraced this mode of communication and majority own mobile phones.A mobile phone has great advantage over a fixed telephone or computer in that it is portable and helps the user take communication wherever he or she goes. Communication has become faster and cheaper through calls or short text messages and people are now closely knit together through this network.Improvements to this service have given rise to radio and email communication through the mobile phone and one can now access the internet of listen to radio through the phone. Mobile phone communication means that information goes with you wherever you are.Through the mobile phone, it has become very easy to keep contact with colleagues such as former schoolmates, parents, friends etc.Everything has its own disadvantages and the mobile phone is no exception. Wrong information can easily be relayed through this mode of communication and lawbreakers have taken advantage of this.Unruly youths have been able to organize criminal activities in a faster and more organized manner making it difficult for the law to get them. The mobile phone has been a source of breakups in relationships as people disagree on phone. Young adults are most pron e to this kind of problem.The internet also known as the web or cyberspace has turned the world into one village by interconnecting and the world can now meet together on the internet.Anyone who can be able to access the internet has access to almost everything they need. Where young people previously referred to libraries and archives for information, they can now collect materials from the internet.  The internet works through a collection of web addresses or www which enable the user to access the internet . This is done through internet service providers who make these web pages accessible to the users. Various computer programs enable the user to carry out different functions over the internet such as chatting,   teleconferencing, blogging and email.The internet has become a source of employment for millions of young people around the world as they are the people working in the fields of networking, programming etc This means that a new social group that was not there befor e is now in existent and in operation. These groups have their own way of interacting and co-existing in their working and also social emvironment.E-mail is a mode of communication on the internet that links together subscribers who have registered on the internet. It allows a subscriber to receive, read, compose and reply mail online. This mode of communication is very popular with the young people as it is a more modern method of letter writing.It beats normal postage in that the reciepent   gets the information immediately. It is cheaper that a telephone call and carrys more information than a text message. The young adults have taken advantage of its convenience to update each other on different issues, to apply for schools and jobs etc.The email makes the distance covered by normal mail shorter, is faster and more reliable. We also have webmail the difference being that with an email you have to work online but with a webmail you work offline and get connected when sending th e information.The email service is now available through the mobile phone and this has made it even cheaper and more convenient as one does not have to visit a cyber room to send or receive an email (Joan Tunstall, J. (1999).Chatting   refers to a mode of communication over the internet in which two or more people in different localities can hold a conversation or discussion online by typing information on the computer.This is a style very popular with the youth as it is same as if people were talking face to face the only difference being that you cannot hear or see each other.Chat rooms created on the web have become meeting places fro many young people and they have also been able to make new friends through this channel. This has given rise to   new kind of social group that   communicates through chat rooms (Daniel J. Myers (2000).Blogging is another type of internet communication that is popular with the young people. This form of online publishing enables the user to ad d new information onto an already existing topic.Blogging is very convenient in that a new user can use an already existing blog to add new contributions to a certain topic. Blogging is very popular with people who wish to market their products as they have a fast means of letting fellow bloggers what’s on the market.The internet provides such programs as Windows Media Player that enables the user to play digital music through the computer e.g CDs, DVDs   and also listen to FM stations. Young people are fun lovers and they are now able to watch movies, listen to music and   radio through the internet.This can be done form the comfort of you living room or even in the office when relaxing. This has affected the mode of interaction amongst the youth in that they now no longer have to visit movie houses to watch movies but can borrow from the library .Download software programs also enable the young people to play various types of games which would otherwise have been un aff ordable in the real situation.Young adults are also able to share ideas through Social Networking Sites (SNSs). Social Network Sites are internet based services that enable people to created their own personal profiles. Examples are Mysapce and Facebook.These profiles can be shared with other persons within a closed environment. Users will be able to interact within the same user group although these sites can also be viewed by non-users. Users are able to upload such items as photos, videos etc.This mode of communication is used to enhance interaction between relationships that were already existing offline. Users of this service are introduced by others already in the service and thus the reason why young people are attracted to SNSs; because their friends are already on these sites.This work to create closed user groups. Social Network Sites grow in popularity among people of a certain country, race, sex or even community. SNSs   like CyWorld and Orkut for example are very popu lar in countries such as Korea, India and Brazil. An SNS will therefore enable a certain community or group to post and share comments as well as enhance friendships.The users are able to express themselves while at the same time interacting with others within an SNS   community. This mode of communication makes interaction easier and faster by reducing distance between the users (Ramy H.N., Moppett S. A (2000).Teleconfrencing is yet another mode if internet communication that has changed the way young adults interact. This refers to holding of meetings through the internet between groups at different geographical locations. Unlike in chatting, the parties involved are able to see and hear each other.Social forums   involving young people as well as academic exchange programs are carried out through teleconferencing.   This means that ideas are exchanged and solutions to various found while avoiding traveling costs.

Innovation and Design Strategy - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1491 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/09/11 Category Advertising Essay Did you like this example? Samsung Electronics: Innovation and Design Strategy Introduction: The case study commences with the integration of innovative design and brand management by Samsung Electronics which started a new trend in the electronics industry. As discussed in the case, initially Samsung was not much popular and lacked design identity but later it relocated itself by: * Improvement in the product development processes * Increasing their investments in RD and product design i. e. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Innovation and Design Strategy" essay for you Create order RD globalization. * By adopting right innovation strategies. By mastering the less tangible, more intuitive qualities of superior design. * By diversification of products and step by step or continual improvement. * Implementing Global localization strategy. * Achieving Vision of leading in digital convergence by using e-processes (electronic integration of processes by going online). All these methods were implemented by Samsung in order to improve its productivity and to gain competitive advantage over its competitors like LG Electronics, Sony, Apple Computer Inc. , etc. Despite this, Samsung is facing the challenge to stay ahead in competition in the near future. Consumer electronics industry is facing a tough competition and the need of the hour is to optimize the R D costs, having relevant information regarding the IPR (Intellectual Property Rights) while design outsourcing and using appropriate product design followed by appropriate market strategy. Case Analysis: As mentioned in the case, the background of Samsung can be discussed in a tabular form: * Started by Byung-Chull Lee in 1939 as an exporter of agricultural products. | * Samsung Electronics established in 1969 followed by product diversification. * Strategic Joint Ventures with NEC, Sanyo and Corning Glass work in 1970| * Brought 50% stake in Korea Semiconductor Inc. | * Acquisition of Korea Semiconductor Inc. in 1978 followed by the successful implementation of reverse engineered product design| * Vertical integration by developing their own IC’s DRAMS(Dynamic Random Access Memories in 1985 | * Focus on qualitative growth than quantitative growth in 1990| * Loosening of import restrictions by South Korean government| And Samsung achieved price competitiveness in 1991. * In 1992, Samsung established RD center in European markets. | * In 1994, Samsung established RD center in US markets. | * In 1997, Samsung cuts its Korean and overseas workforces due to Asian Financial crises. | * In 1999, Samsung was regarded as world’s premiere consumer goods and services industry By Forbes. | * In 2000, Samsung embarked vision to convert itself into a Digital- e company. | * Increased design staff and RD in 2004| In 2005, Samsung increased its design budget by 20%-30%| * In 2006, Samsung registered 17,377 patents worldwide| * In 2007, Samsung held dominant worldwide market share| Samsung Electronics’ integration of brand management, product design and investment in RD provided them advantages over its competitors. Hence, they improved step by step with the product diversification, Mergers and Acquisitions, vertical integration and implementation of new technology. They were aggressively involved in marketing and improving their brand image in the minds of their customers. The Samsung’s learning and leveraging matrix can be explained as: Dedicated business units e. g. Informal technology transfer | New venture department or division, e. g. †skunkworks( Investments in RD’s)| Independent business unit, e. g. Predivestment or potential spinout| Direct integration or business team ( Vertical Integration by developing their own IC’s)| Low Leveraging existing competencies High Innovation and product Design at Samsung Electronics Samsung Electronics leading position was contributed by the enlisted factors: * Creative people in the organization which contributed in the development of technology. * Co-operation between the business partners throughout the supply chain * Firms ability in exploring end penetrating into the new markets * Speed of innovation and product development. Along with this Samsung also increased the investments in their RD centers. After doing the trend analysis for the Exhibit 3 which shows the Samsung RD budget and percentage sales, We arrive at the conclusion that the Samsung’s RD budget increased till the year 2007 linearly. But there is decline in the percentage of sales in the year 2007, which suggests that the Samsung will need to rethink this strategy. There is an urgent need to optimize the cost related to Samsung’s RD expenditure to prevent the decline of sales in future. Samsung globalized their RD network worldwide to develop technologies which can be commercialized in the future. Basically the main idea behind the globalization of RD network is to: * Focus on innovation and generating new products for global market. There is a huge scope of product improvement. * This provides an access to the emerging markets. * Leverages the market opportunity for the firm. User- Centric Design Philosophy Samsung’s philosophy was to strike the balance between the reasons and feelings. This was done by them with the rationalization of the design of product by using geometric and technological par ameters and enhancing the design to the product so that it can make the emotional connection with the user. Their global localization strategy helped them to become a top class consumer electronics company. Marketing Samsung used electronic processes to achieve their vision of leading in digital convergence. The Convergence and integration between manufacturing, promotion distribution of electronics included releasing, promoting and marketing. This thing helped Samsung in improving: * Brand Image * Helped in product differentiation * Better value propositions or bundle of benefits to the customers. This graph shows net sales and operating profit of Samsung Electronics 2007 Samsung Electronics’ E-processes comprised of: The SCM, RD management and Customer management processes were integrated with ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning). ERP implementation provided them a wider access to the Samsung Electronics’ operations. This improved their overall processes and improved efficiency. Competitive Landscape: Landscape| SamsungElectronics| Apple ComputerInc. | LGElectronics| Nokia Corp. | Sony Corp. | MotorolaInc. | Product Offered| Consumer electronics(LCD TV’s,MicrowaveOvens, PC’s, etc. ) | PC’s, portable music players,Mobile communication devices, etc. | Consumer Electronics( mobile handsets,Front loading washing machines, AC’s, etc. )| Leading Mobile Comm. Company( started as wood pulp producers)| Electronic games,Motion pictures, Financial services, etc. Mobility solutions, mobile services, cellular comm. Devices ,etc. | Innovation DesignMarketing| Focuses on ‘Reason’ and Feeling to create a design and used global localization strategy to establish as a first class consumer electronic company(user centric)Digital convergence using E-Processes and efforts in improvi ng design by investing in RD| Occupies ‘feeling’ zone and emphasis on the simplicity of products in terms of design and usability. Improvement in design and product features| Concentrated on 5 areas:Mobile comm. digital appliances, digital displays,Digital media and home networking and design their products by using 4 values: Theme, style, interface and finishOriginally produced electronics for mass consumption but later transformed to produce premium consumer products for attracting premium customers and to gain brand image| Adopted telecom. as its core business designing was based on 3 principles: Simplicity,Relevance and ExperienceProduct categorization is done by: ExploreLive classic, classic, achieve and entry and communicating brand value to the customers| Creates value added products by doping 4 principles of design: Originality, Lifestyle, Functionality and UsabilityDo not rely on customer surveys and create value added user experience through feature design, concept development and eco- friendly sustainable design| Focus on two criteria’s for design the products for their consumers: personalization and socializationPaid attention on development of new revenue generating services and technologies and enabling customers to experience media mobility. | Comparison of percentage sales It is clear from the graph that both Nokia and Motorola are ahead than Samsung in terms percentage of net sales. This means that Samsung needs to redesign and reform their business network to gain competitive advantage from its competitors. Moreover in 2007, there is a slight decline in sales for Samsung which is a cause of concern. Though, Samsung is relatively doing well as compared to its competitors Apple, LG and Sony. Conclusion We can analyze the whole case by using Porter’s legacy which deals with innovation strategy. There are five forces to develop a competitive innovation strategy: The five forces are : * Relations with suppliers: It means that Samsung needs to improve their relations with the suppliers. This can be done with Suppliers relationship management and by bringing the suppliers on a single platform. * Relations with buyers: Customer is the king. There is a need to improve their relationships with the buyers or customers by developing appropriate marketing strategy, timely delivery of the products and supply chain management * New entrants: It is important for Samsung to analyze the threats from new entrants in the consumer electronic market. * Substitutes: With the emergence of chinese products in the market which can act as the substitutes for Samsung products . Hence, it is important for Samsung to implement Generic technology strategies which includes: * Cost leadership (e. g. Lower/cheaper material input, logisitics) * Differentiation (e. g. Enhance features, deliverability) * Cost focus (minimum features) * Differentiation (niche markets) * Rivalry among established firms: There is a strong competition between the already existing firms like Nokia, Sony, Apple, LG, etc. Therefore ,Samsung will have to improve its competitiveness in the market. In order to sustain its position in the near future Samsung will have to consider all the above mentioned points.